Typography - Task 1: Exercises

Typography - Task 1: Exercises

24/9/2024 – 29/10/2024 / Week 1 – Week 6

Valenz Jycee Primadi / 0373407
Typography / Creative Media / School of design
Task : Exercises 1& 2.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Lectures

2. Instructions

3.Task 1: Exercises 1 - Type Expression

4.Task 1: Exercises 2 - Text Formatting

5.Feedback

6. Reflection

7.Further Reading

LECTURES

Week 1: Introduction

lecture : Typo_0 _Briefing

In this week Mr Vinod teach and gave us an introduction to Typography. Typography is an art and a technique of arranging letters to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. There are several elements in typography but the common is :

Fig 1.1 The evolution of Phoenician

Font

many people is similiar with font, we used it everytime we use it every day when creating documents, font is a collection of letters,numbers, puncuation, and other symbol used to set text.

Typeface

Typeface also a common font used sets of similar fonts of different weights, widths, and styles. In simple terms, a typeface is a family of related fonts.

color

color in typography its used for describing how dense or heavy the text appears on the page. Finding the correct balance of type color and white space can make text more easily readable.

From the lecture that Mr Vinod taught us, I learn alot about typography especially the history about typography.

Week 2 : Development/ Timeline

Lecture: Typo_1_Development/ Timeline

Early letterform development: Phoenician to Roman

in early days writing meant scratching into wet clay with sharpened sticks or coming into stone with a chisel.at their core uppercase forms are simple combinations of straight lines and pieces of circles.e come to know is the tool that you hold in your hand has a very important influence on the type of writing that is created.

Fig 2.1 The evolution of Phoenician

We can see from above there's an evolution from Early arabic, Nabatacan, Early Aramaic, and Phoenician to Modern Latin in different ways.

We know that when we write we definitely like to write from the direction from right to left. In the past Phoenician wrote in direction of right to left but, Greek developed a style of writing called boustrophedon third on right or how the Ox plows which meant that lines of text read alternately alternatively from right to left and left to right.

Fig 2.2 "boustrophedon"

Etruscan and Roman cava is working on marble painted letter forms beforeinscribing them certain qualities of their strokes a change in weight from vertical to horizontal a broadening of the stroke at the start and finish.

Fig 2.3 Evolution from Phoenician to Roman

Hand script from 3rd - 10th century C.E.

square capitals these latter forms have selves added to the finish off the main strokes the variety of strokes width was achieved by the reed pen held at an angle of approximately 60 degrees. :

rustic capitals were faster and easier to write they were slightly harder to read due to the compressed nature

Lowercase Letterforms Square Capitals & Rustic Capitals both Square and rusty capitals were typically reserved for documents of intended performance for some intended performance, however were typically written in cursive hand in which forms were simplified for speed. What we refer as a lowercase letter form so the development of the lowercase letter form was a result of writing fast writing.

Uncials incorporated some aspects of the Roman cursive hand especially in the shape of the A, D, E, H, M, U and Q Uncials is the Latin for 12th of anything as a result some scholars think that unseal refers to letters that are one inch.

Half - Uncials a cursive hand so half moon fields now these are called right mark the formal beginning of lowercase letter forms replete with the ascenders and descenders 2,000 years after the origin of the Phoenician alphabets.

Charlemagne the first unifier of Europe since the Romans issued an edict in 789 to standardize all classical text he entrusted this - to Alcuin of york ever of st. Martin's of Tours. The monks rewrote the text using both majuscule and minuscule capitalization punctuation.

Blackletter to Gutenberg's type

With the dissolution of the Charlemagne Empire came regional variations upon Alcuin script in northern Europe a condensed strongly vertical letter form now known as black letter or textura, gained popularity in the South around a more open hand gained popularity called rotunda the humanistic script in Italy.

Gutenberg's is the guy who invented the mod so-called modern day printing press a printing press right according to the business for Northern Europe. He was skilled in engineering metal smithing and chemistry he marshaled them all to build pages that accurately mimic the work of the scribes hand so black lacquer. Later then he produce his Bible in a highly productive way.

Fig 2. 4 Johann Gutenberg, bible

Text type classification

Have develop in response technology, coremecial needs, and esthetic based on Alexander Lawson.

Fig 2.5 Text Type Classifacation

Week 3: Text/Tracking

Lecture : Typo_3_

Tracking

Kerning

Automatic adjustment of space between letters. The addition and removal of space in a word or sentence is referred to "tracking". It is often mistakenly referred to "letterspacing". Kerning usually adjust in headlines.

Fig 3.1 Without kerning and with kerning

Tracking

The process of manually adjusting the horrizontal space between letters in a word/line to create a specific visual aesthetic for a design.

Normal tracking is much more easier to read and suitable for a large number of texts rather than Loose Tracking and tight tracking, because they reduce the readability and recognizability of the pattern that formed the words.

Fig 3.2 Normal Tracking,Tight Tracking and loose Tracking

Designer always letterspace uppercase letters its because, uppercase letter can stand on their own, whereas lowercase letterforms require the counterform creted between letters to maintain the reading line.

Formatting Text (Alignment)

Flush left : mostly mirrors the asymmetrical experience of hand writting. Each line start at the same point and ends in the last words on the line ends. Flush left also known as the most natursl text formatting.

Centered : This formst is assigning equal value and weight to both end of any lines. It transforms fields of text into shapes, becausde centered type creates such a strong shape on page.

Flush Right : This format palces emphasis on the end of the line as the opposite of flush left. Its useful for situations (like captions) where the relantionship between text and image might be ambiguous.

Justified : almost the same as centered, this format imposes a symmetrical shape on text. This format achieved by expanding or reducing spaces between words, can occasionally produce "rivers" of white space running vertically.

Fig 3.3 Flush Left, Centered, Flush Right, and Justified

Text/ Texture

Its important to understand how different typefaces feel as text, because different typefaces suit different messages. A type with a relatively generous x-height or relatively heavy stroke width produces a darker mass on the page rather than type with a relatively smaller x-height or lighter stroke.

Leading and Line Lenght

Type size : Text type that should be large enough for to be read easily at arms lenght.

Leading : Text type that is set too loosely creates striped patterns that distract the reader from material at hand, also refers the space between adjacent lines of type; the exact definition varies.

Line Lenght : the width of a block of typeset text, usually measured in units of lenght like inches in characters per-line. Shorter lines require less leading; longer lines more.

Fig 3.4 Tight leading and loose leading

Type Specimen Book

A type specimen book shows samples of typefaces in various different sizes. A type specimen book (or ebook for screen) is to provide an accurate reference for type, type size, type leading, type line etc.

Fig 3.5 Sample Type Specimen Sheet

Compositional requirement : text should create a field that can occupy a page or a screen. An idel text should have a middle gray value.

It is often useful to enlrage type to 400% on the screen to get clear sense of the relationship betwwen descenders on the line and ascenders on the line below.

Week 4: Text/ Indicating Paragraphs

Lecture : Typo_4_Part 2

Indicating Paragraph

The 'pilcrow' (¶)

There're several options for indicating paragraphs. The 'pilcrow' (¶) its a holdover from medieval manuscripts that use today.

"Line Space" (leading)

"Line Space" (leading) The space betwwen each line in a paragraph. Line spacing can be single spaced (one line high), double spaced (two lines high), or any other amount. Leading is the space between sentences.

Indentation

Standard indentatition here the indent is the same size of the line spacing or point size of the text. The method of extended paragraph creates unusually wide columns of text. There can be strong compositional.

Windows and Orphans

Traditional typesetting, two unpardonable gaffes called windows and orphans. Designer must take great care to avoid the occurrence.

Window : short line of type left alone at the end of column.
Orphan : short line of type left alone at the start of new column.

In justified text both widows and orphans are considered serious gaffes. Flush right and ragged left text is some what more forgiving towards windows.

Highlighting Text

Simple example of how to hightlight text :

Use the same typeface, however different font for example ( Italic, bold, or colur the text).

Fig 4.1 Italic, Bold, Colour

Use Sans Serif Font (Univers)

Sans serif font usually is slightly larger than a serif font in the point size. Sans serif font has been reduced by .5 to match x-height of seif typeface. Reduced numbers of all capital acronyms embebdded in text by .5, to ensure visual cohesion of the text.

Place a Field of Colour

Maintaining the left reading axis (right example) of the text ensures readability.

Place Typography Elements

To maintain a strong reading axis.

Quotation Marks

Like bullets, can create a clear indent, breaking the left reading axis. The prime is not quote.

Headline Within Text

There are many kinds of subdivision.In the visual its already been labeled as ( A, B, and C) according to the level of Importance.

A head indicates a clear break between the topics within a section. For example:

Fig 4.2 Bold, Extended to Left, Larger Point Size, Small Caps

B head is subordinate to A heads. B heads indicate a new supporting argument or example for the topic at hand. They should not interrupt the text as strongly as A heads. For example:

Fig 4.3 Bold Seif, Bold Sans Serif, Small Caps, Italic

C heads, not common, hightlight specific facets of materials within B head text. C heads in this configuration are followed by at least an em space for visual seperation.

Fig 4. 4 Bold Serif, Bold Sans Serif, Small Caps, Italic

Cross Alignment

Cross-aligning headlines and captions with text type reinforce the architectural sense of the page the structure, while articulating the complimentary vertical rhythms. Cross Alignment can be one line of headline type cross-aligns with two lines of text type,and four lines of headline type with five lines of text type.

Week 4: Basic/ Describing Letterforms

Lecture : Typo_2_

Components of letterforms

To get to know typefaces, it is very important to know and understand the components of letterforms.

Baseline : Imaginary line base of the letterforms.
Median : Imaginary line defining X-height in letterforms
X-height : Height of the lowercase "x".
Stroke : Any line that defines the basic letterforms.
Apex / Vertex : A point created by joining two diagonals (apex is the one in above and Vertex is the one in below).
Ascender : Portion of the stem of a lowercase, projects above median.
Barb : The half-serif on some curved stroke.
Beak : The half-serif on horizontal arms.
Bowl : The rounded form that describes a counter.
Bracket : The transition between the serif and the stem.
Cross Bar : The horizontal stroke that joins two stems together.
Cross Stroke : The horizontal stroke that joins two stems together.
Crocth : The interior space where two strokes meet.
Descender : The portion of stem of lowercase that projects below the baseline.
Ear : The stroke exteding out from the main stem.
Em/En : The width of an uppercase M/ Half of Em.
Finial : The rounded non-serif terminal to a stroke.
Ligature : The character formed by combination of two or more letterforms.
Link : The stroke that connects the bowl and the loop.
Loop : Descender of the lowercase G.
Serif : The right angled or oblique foot at the end of the stroke.
Shoulder : The curved stroke that is not part of a bowl.
Spine : The curved stem of the S.
Stress : Orientation that indicated by the thin stroke in round forms.
Swash : The flourish that extends the stroke of the letterform
Tail : The curved diagonal stroke at the finish letterforms.
Terminal : The self-contained finish of a stroke without a serif. (Terminals may be flat (T above), flared, acute, (t above), grave , concave, convex, or rounded as a ball or a teardrop (see finial).

Fig 5.1 Components of letterforms

The Font

Uppercase : Capitals letter, including certain accented vowels.
Lowercase : Include the same characters as uppercase.
Small Capitals : Uppercase letterforms draw to the x-height of the typeface.
Uppercase Numerals ( lining figures) : The same height as uppercase letters and the most succesfully used with tabular material.
Lowercase Numerals ( old style figures/ text figures) : Set to x-height with ascenders and decenders.
Italic : refer back to 15th century italian cursive handwritting.
Italic vs Roman
Punctuation / Miscellaneous characters : All fonts contain standard punctuation marks, miscellaneous characters can change from typeface to typeface.
Ornaments : Used as flourishes in invitations or certificates.

Describing Typeface

Roman vs Italic
Boldface vs Light
Condense vs Extended

INSTRUCTIONS

Task 1: Exercises 1 - Type Expression

Sketches

For this week Ms Vitiyaa told us to choose four words to express in typography. So we selected this four word which is Jump, Shake, Fish, and Chop. I first began with digital sketch.

Fig 7.1 Type Expression Sketches #1 (24/10/2024)

My favorite sketch so far is the fish sketch in the sixth bottom right corner, Chop in the fourth box in the bottom left corner and shake in the left of the fourth box. After that I got an opinion and feedback from Ms V. She said that my typography sketch would be better simplified.

Fig 7.2 Type Expression Sketches #2 (01/10/2024)

This is my second sketch, not much different from my first sketch, some of which I changed to be even better. For example, the chop in the bottom left corner of the fourth box, I changed it because I wanted more expression for readers to feel the expression of the chop, so I added scattered sawdust. After I finished my sketch and receiving from Ms. , I moved on to the digitisation process.

Digitization

I decided to digitize the 4 typography that I had chosen. Starting from my procreate sketch, I have determined the font I want to use for my digitisation. Here you can see that I tried using several font elements.

Fig 8.1 Digitisation Process (08/10/2024)

After trial and error, I was finally able to execute the digitization of the words I had chosen. At the word "shake" I was still confused about which sketch I wanted to use for digitisation, but because of my friend's opinion and my trust, I was finally able to choose a suitable sketch to express "shake". It was the same as the other words, because of my traveling help, I was able to finally enter the final digitization of my process into the collection template.

Fig 8.2 Final Digitisation Process (08/10/2024)

Final Type Expressions Digitisation

Fig 9.1 Final Type Expression Digitisation (08/10/2024)

Fig 9.2 Final Type Expression Digitisation (08/10/2024)

Final Type Expression Revision Improvements

When we have collected our work, suddenly we get feedback regarding the results of the work that has been done. According to him, our typography is too distorted, so we have to correct it and change it to be less distorted. This is the Improvements :

Fig 10.1 Final Type Expression Digitisation Improvement (15/10/2024)

Type Expression Animation

At first I tried to animate "Shake " , but it's too distorted and not smooth, so I'm not satisfied with the final result of my animation. this is the process of creating a shake animation :

Fig 11.1 Attempt of Making Shake Animation (15/10/2024)

At first I thought that the letters H, K, and E would shake like potatoes being seasoned in a jar, but I had difficulty making the animation smooth even though I had tried many times. The jars are S and also E.

Fig 11.2 Trial and error Shake Animation (15/10/2024)

I finally decided to animate the word chop. In my own opinion, even though the word chop takes time to be animated, I personally think the word chop is the best choice. this is the process of creating a chop animation :

Fig 11.3 Chop process Animation (15/10/2024)

originally there were two lines when cutting the word chop, but Miss. V said that it's better to just have one line, so it's easier to animate it. After that, I made the animation using a timing method that I found on Instagram, so that the final result was smooth.

Final Animated Type Expression

Fig 12.1 Chop Animation (15/10/2024)

Task 1: Exercises 2 - Text formatting

Kerning & Tracking

This week we were given the task of working on text formatting from 10 fonts that were available in the previous assignment. I started doing trial and error with kerning and tracking.

Fig 13.1 Without Kerning (15/10/2024).Jpeg.

Fig 13.2 With Kerning (15/10/2024).Jpeg.

After that I made kerning and tracking with different word layouts.

Fig 13.3 With Kerning (15/10/2024)

Text Formatting Layouts

For the text formatting layout assignment, the first thing I did was watch the video tutorial provided in Teams.

Fig 14.1 Layouts trial and error (15/10/2024)

After several attempts to arrange the layout positions, I finally created 4 layouts that I think are quite interesting.

Fig 14.1 Layouts trial and error (15/10/2024)

for this layout I use left alignment. To be able to reduce widows and orphans, I reduce it manually, in my opinion the manual way is easier, so what I want to adjust can be estimated by my own will. After that to make all paragraphs neater I use kerning and tracking. From all layouts I aim for the same typeface and font size 9, except headlines.

I like all the layouts I have created, but the layout I like even more is the 3rd layout, because I think layout 3 looks simpler than the others and is easier to read.

Fig 14.2 Layouts #3 (15/10/2024).Jpeg.

Revision

When I got feedback from Ms. V, there was something I changed, namely the placement of the text. Here I use the golden ratio to help me place the text well.

Fig 14.3 Layouts Revision #3 (29/10/2024)

because Ms. V said that my text only needs a golden ratio guide so that it can make the text neater. So I changed the placement of the image, enlarged the headline, and also trimmed my text with kerning. But like font, text size, leading, cross-alignment, etc, I didn't change any of it.

FINAL Text Formatting Layout

Fig 15.1 Final text Formatting Layouts (29/10/2024).Jpeg.

Fig 15.2 Final text Formatting Layouts (29/10/2024)(PDF)

HEAD
Font/s: Bodoni Std/ ITC Garamond Std
Type Size/s: 70 pt
Leading: 40 pt
Paragraph spacing: 0

BODY
Font/s: ITC Garamond Std
Type Size/s: 9 pt
Leading: 11 pt
Paragraph spacing: 11 pt
Characters per-line: 60
Alignment: left justified
Margins: 12,7 mm top, 12,7 mm left, 12,7 mm right, 100 mm bottom
Columns: 4
Gutter: 5 mm

Fig 15.3 Final text Formatting Layouts with grids (29/10/2024).Jpeg.

Fig 15.4 Final text Formatting Layouts with grids (29/10/2024)(PDF)

FEEDBACK

Week 5

General Feedback: We do our text formatting and learn about tracking and kerning. I've done the layouts. I really like the number #3 and #4 layout. For me the layout is simple and really nice. At this I made 4 layouts so i can choose which one is the best, and then I alreadydecide it, it was layout number #3. I like the simple style but also readable. I've watch all the tutorials and the lecture video.

Specific Feedback : watch the video, read the instruction, set the blog really nice.

Week 4

General Feedback: We can animate our word using any kind of application, but we needto make it as the same ratio as the instruction provided in teams. We choose one word to be animate. I choose chop because, for me each much more easy than the other words. I animate the word using photoshop an also illustator. After the class I already watch the lecture week 4 and put it on the blog nicely.

Specific Feedback : our works is too distorted,so we need to fix it as soon as possible, the animation for the word chop is already good and simple , it was nicely done said Ms. V.

Week 3

General Feedback: We need to digitalized our word, using any application. Choose each word 1 and the total is 4. Digitalized it with the 10 fonts provided. I choose total 4 words to be digitalized. Im using illustator to digitalized my sketch, after that we put our final digitazation into a template taht were provided. Also Lecture 3 have been nicely set into my blog.

Specific Feedback : The digitazation is nice and clean, but need to simplified just a little bit to make it nice and readable.

Week 2

General Feedback: We were given a task about type expression Typography. I have created alot of sketches for each word. Each word is base on expression word. We were given a 10 fonts for the task. Also for lecture 3 already set up nicely.

Specific Feedback : The sketch is good but too complicated, I need to simplified for some of the word. We also change the word "small" into Fish, because its complicated to think an idea that's different from the others.

Week 1

General Feedback: In this week we were an introduction about typography. I have also given a lecture video to watch at home for e-portofolio. After the lecture, i've set up my blog nicely.

REFLECTION

Exprerince Overall, my experience during task 1 taught me a lot about typography. At first I thought typography was a lesson that only studied letters, but it turns out,,there are other things that we learn more deeply. In all the learning, what I like the most is text formatting. Although at first it made me confused to arrange the layout, but I enjoy making it. The hardest part of text formatting its the aplication. I also like the expression type, only this task takes the longest to complete. But I like finding different kind of ideas to make the word express. I didn't have much difficulty using the Illustrator application, because I have used the application before. In class I also often pay attention to Ms. V's explanation. I also like to help my friends in doing assignments. Its a new experience for me but I enjoy every single thing.

Observations

Every week Ms. V likes to remind us to see what other people's work is like. Then slowly I follow the instruction, it can help me to find out some variations of the ideas they use. This happened when working on Type expression. I saw some of my friends express the words with their own unique variations of ideas, so it motivated me to do the same thing. It also help me with the layouts for text formatting,

Findings

throughout the week I learned about typography. Typography made me realize the importance of typography. In everyday life we also use typography elements such as writing letters, papers, infographics, and others. In this learning can help me in my daily life, especially when doing assignments. From task 1 I learned how to appreciate the expression of a word, to make different kind of layout for easier to read, learn different kind of elements, and also fonts. I can also learn the applications used, so that it makes it easier for me to learn to use these applications such as In design, Photoshop, and also Illustator. with weekly feedback, it can make me more productive and also motivated in my daily life and in the future.

FURTHER READING

Fig 16.1 Design Elements Typography Fundamentals (2012)

For further reading books, I use the book Design Elements Typography Fundamental by Kristin Cullen.

Fig 16.2 Terminology, Anatomy, and Architecture (P.P 32)

For the first week I read the chapter about essential elements. I read this section, to find out more about some of the elements in Typography. This section mainly about understanding typography involves mastering its terminology, anatomy, and architecture.

terminalogy its known as common language for designers, including key terms like "serif" and "leading."
Anatomy basically is a parts of a letter , such as ascenders and bolws, and help us in indentifying and selecting some ty.
Architecture is also knowns as structural arrangement of type, affecting hierarchy, alignment, and spacing.

Mastering these fundamentals help us to enhances design expression more and also help with the communication across various mediums.

Fig 16.3 Style in Typography (P.P 47)

To help me understand more, I read page 47 regarding style in typography. This can help me in working on type expression assignments. I can visualize the style I will use for the task. This chapter highlights Style in typography which consists of three main elements:

Posture: Refers to the angle of letterforms. Roman letters are upright, while italics and obliques are slanted (around 12-15).
Weight: Basically indicates the thickness of the strokes. Common weights include regular and bold, with variations like thin, light, and ultra
Width: It is relates to the horizontal proportion of letters. Styles include condensed (narrow) and extended (wide).

Fig 16.4 Measure in Typography (P.P 40)

In this section I read about Key Typographic Measures. This section can help me for the next task. These key Typographic measures are essential for effective typography in design.

Fig 16.5 The Frame Works of Type (P.P 38)

Fig 16.6 The Frame Works of Type (P.P 39)

For this section I read about frame works type. The reading helped me to do the text formatting assignment, because the reading is about Key typographic terms including the ascender line, The baseline, The cap line, The descender line, Leadin, x-height finally, baseline alignment. So I can know about the elements, more clearly and I can used it for doing the layout in text formatting.

Fig 16.7 110-Points Typeface (P.P 41)

This week I read about the typefaces of several fonts. Here it also explain Contrast in typography describes the relationship between thick and thin strokes.

Stress refers to the invisible axis that bisects characters at their thinnest points, which can be oblique or vertical, typically assessed using the lowercase 'o' as a guide. This can help me in knowing about contrast and stress in some typefaces.

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Valenz Jycee Primadi (0373407)